关于单词记忆的前后缀

前缀

举例

a-,
an-

asymmetry
(不对称 ), anhydrous ( 无水的)

dis-

dishonest,
dislike

in-,
ig-, il-, im-, ir-

incapable,
inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular

ne-,
n-

none,
neither, never

non-

nonsense

un-

unable,
unemployment

前缀

举例

male-,
mal-

malfunction,
maladjustment (失调)

mis-

mistake,
mislead

pseudo-

pseudonym
(假名), pseudoscience

前缀

举例

de-

defend,
demodulation (解调)

dis-

disarm,
disconnect

un-

unload,
uncover

前缀

举例

anti-,
ant-

antiknock
(防震 ), antiforeign ( 排外的)

contra-,
contre-, contro-

contradiction,
controflow (逆流)

counter-

counteraction,
counterbalance

ob-,
oc-, of-, op-,

object,
oppose, occupy

with-

withdraw,
withstand

前缀

含义

举例

a-

在 …… 之上、向……

aboard,
aside

by-

附近、邻近、边侧

bypath,
bypass

circum-,
circu-

周围、环绕、回转

circumstance,
circuit

de-

在下、向下

descend,
degrade

en-

在内、进入

encage,
enbed

ex-,
ec-, es-

外部、外

exit,
eclipse, expand, export

extra-

额外

extraction

fore-

在前面

forehead,
foreground

in-,
il- im-, ir-

向内、在内、背于

inland,
invade, inside, import

inter-,
intel-

在 …… 间，相互

international,
interaction,

intro-

向内、在内、内侧

introduce,

medi-,
med-, mid-

中，中间

Mediterranean,
midposition

out-

在上面，在外部，在外

outline,
outside, outward

over-

在上面，在外部，向上

overlook,
overhead, overboard

post-

向后，在后面，次

postscript
(附言), postgraduate

pre-

在前，在前面

prefix,
preface, preposition

pro-

在前、向前

progress,
proceed

sub-,
suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-

在下面，下

subway,
submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement

super-,
sur-

在 …… 之上

superficial,
surface, superstructure

trans-

移上，转上，在那一边

translate,
transform, transoceanic

under-

在 …… 下面，下的

underline,
underground

up-

向上，向上面，在上

upward,
uphold, uphill

前缀

含义

举例

ante-,
anti-

先前，早于，预先

antecedent,
anticipate

ex-

先、故、旧

ex-president,
ex-husband

fore-

在前面、先前、前面

foreword,
foretell

mid-,
medi-

中，中间

midnight,
midsummer

post-

在后，后

postwar

pre-,
pri-

在前、事先、预先

preheat,
prewar, prehistory

pro-

在前、先、前

prologue
(序幕), prophet

re-

再一次、重新

retell,
rewrite

前缀

含义

举例

by-

副、次要的

byproduct

extra-

超越、额外

extraordinary

hyper-

超过、极度

hypersonic,
hypertension

out-

超过、过分

outdo
(超过), outbid

over-

超过、过度、太

overeat,
overdress, oversleep

sub-,
suc-

次、低、副、亚

subeditor,
subordinate, succession

super-,
sur-

超过

supernatural,
superpower, surplus

under-

低劣、低下

undersize,
undergrown

vice-

副、次

vice-president,
vice-chairman

前缀

含义

举例

com-,
cop-, con-, cor-, co-

共同、一起

combine,
connect, coexist

syn-,
syl-, sym-

同、共、和、类

synthesis,
sympathy

前缀

含义

举例

al-

完整、完全

alone,
almost

over-

完全、全

overall,
overflow (充满)

pan-

全、总、万

panentheism
(泛神论 ), panorama ( 全景、概论)

前缀

含义

举例

a-,
ab-, abs-

分离、离开

away,
apart, abstract, abstain

de-

离去、除去

depart,
decolour

dis-,
di-, dif-

分离、离开

disarm,
divorce

ex-,
e-

离开、分离

expel,
exclude, expatriate

for-

离开、脱离

forgive,
forget

re-

离开

release,
resolve

se-

分离、隔离

separate,
seduce, select

前缀

含义

举例

dia-

通过、横过

diameter,
diagram

per-,
pel-

通、总、遍

perfect,
perform, pervade (浸透)

trans-

横过、贯通

transparent,
transmit, transport

前缀

举例

a-

arouse,
ashamed

ad-

adjoin,
adhere (粘着)

前缀

举例

be-

befriend
(帮助、扶助)

en-

enslave,
enable, enrich

ad-,
ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-

adapt,
accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign

前缀

含义

举例

mono-,
mon-

单一、一

monotone,
monopoly, monarch

ambi-,
bi-, di- twi-

二、两、双

ambiguous,
amphibian, bicycle, diode, twilight

deca-,
deco-, dec-, deci-

十

decade,
decimals

hecto-,
hect-, centi-

百，百分之一

hectometer,
centimeter

kilo-

千、千分之一

kilometer

myria-,
myri-, mega, meg, micro-

万、万分之一

myriametre,
megabyte, microvolt

multi-,
mult-, poly-

许多、复、多数

multipmetre,
polysyllable

hemi-,
demi-, semi-, pene-, pen-

半、一半

hemisphere,
demiofiicial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula

前缀

含义

举例

arch-

首位、第一的、主要的

architect,
archbishop

auto-

自己、独立、自动

automobile,
autobiography

bene-

善、福

benefit

eu-

优、美好

eugenics
(优生学), euphemism

male-,
mal-

恶、不良

maltreatment,
malodor

macro-

大、宏大

macroscopic
(宏观)

magni-

大

magnificent

micro-

微

microscope

前缀

含义

举例

aud-

听、声

audience

bio-

生命、生物

biography

ge-

地球、大地

geography

phon-

声、音调

phonograph

tele-

远离

television,
telephone

后缀

含义

举例

-an,
-ian

……地方的人，

精通 …… 的人

American,
historian

-al

具有 …… 职务的人

principal

-ant,
-ent

……者

merchant,
agent, servant, student

-ar

……的人

scholar,
liar

-ard,
-art

做 …… 的人

coward,
laggard, braggart

-arian

……派别 / 主义的人，

humanitarian,
vegetarian

-ary

从事 …… 的人

secretary,
missionary

-ate

具有 …… 职责的人

candidate,
graduate

-ator

做 …… 的人

educator,
speculator

-crat

某种政体、主义的支持者

democrat,
bureaucrat

-ee

动作承受着

employee,
examinee

-eer

从事于 …… 的人

engineer,
volunteer

-er

从事某职业的人，某地区、地方的人

banker,
observer, Londoner, villager

-ese

……国人，……地方的人

Japanese,
Cantonese

-ess

阴性人称名词

actress,
hostess, manageress

-eur

……家

amateur,
litterateur

-ian

……地方人，信仰 …… 教的人，从事 …… 职业的人

Christian,
physician, musician

-ician

精通者，……家

electrician,
magician, technician

-icist

……家，……者，……能手

physicist,
phoneticist, technicist

-ic

……者，……师

mechanic,
critic

-ie

爱称，指小

diaries,
auntie, lassie

-ier

从事 …… 职业

cavalier,
clothier, brazier

-ine,
-ina

阴性人称

heroine,
ballerina

-ist

从事 …… 研究者，信仰 …… 主义者

pianist,
communist, dentist, artist, chemist

-ive

动作者，行动者

native,
captive

-logist

……学家，研究者

biologist,
geologist

-or

……者

author,
doctor, operator

-ster

做 …… 事情的人

youngerster,
gamester, songster

-yer

从事 …… 职业者

lawyer

后缀

含义

举例

-acy

性质、状态、境遇

accuracy,
diplomacy

-age

状态、行为、身份及结果、总称

courage,
storage, marriage

-al

事物的动作、过程

refusal,
arrival, survival, denial

表示具体的事物

manual,
signal, editorial, journal

-ance,
-ence

性质、状态、行为、过程、总量、程度

endurance,
importance, diligence, difference, obedience

-ancy,
-ency

性质、状态、行为、过程

frequency,
urgency, efficiency

-bility

动作、性质、状态

possibility,
feasibility

-craft

工艺、技巧

woodcraft,
handicraft, statecraft

-cracy

统治、支配

bureaucracy,
democracy

-cy

性质、状态、职位、级别

bankruptcy,
supremacy

-dom

等级、领域、状态

freedom,
kingdom, wisdom

-ery,
-ry

行为、状态、习性

bravery,
bribery, rivalry

-ety

性质、状态

variety,
dubiety

-faction,
-facture

作成，……化、作用

satisfaction,
manufacture

-hood

资格、身份、年纪、状态

childhood,
falsehood

-ice

行为、性质、状态

notice,
justice, service

-ine

带有抽象概念

medicine,
discipline, famine

-ing

动作的过程，结果

building,
writing,  learning

-ion,
-sion, -tion, -ation, -ition

行为的过程、结果、状况

action,
solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

-ise

性质、状态

exercise,
merchandise

-ism

制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为

socialism,
criticism, colloquialism,  heroism

-ity

性质、状态、程度

purity,
reality, ability, calamity

-ment

行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果

treatment,
movement, judgment, punishment, argument

-mony

动作的结果、状态

ceremony,
testimony

-ness

性质、状态、程度

goodness,
kindness, tiredness

-or,
-our

动作、性质、状态

favor,
error

-osity

动作、状态

curiosity

-ship

情况、性质、技巧、技能及身份、职业

hardship,
membership, friendship

-th

动作、性质、过程、状态

depth,
wealth, truth, length, growth

-tude

性质、状态、程度

latitude,
altitude

-ure

行为、结果

exposure,
pressure, failure

-y

行为的结果、状态、性质

glory,
history, inquiry

后缀

含义

举例

-age

住所、地点

village,
cottage

-ary

住所、场地

library,
granary

-ery,
-ry

工作场所、饲养地、地点

laundry,
nursery, surgery

-ory

工作场所、住处

factory,
dormitory, laboratory

后缀

含义

举例

-grapy

……学，写法

biography,
calligraphy, geography

-ic,
-ics

……学，……法

logic,
mechanics, optics

-ology

……学，……论

biology,
zoology, technology

-nomy

……学，……术

astronomy,
economy

-ery

学科、学术

chemistry,
cookery, machinery

-y

……学，术，法

photography,
philosophy

后缀

举例

-age

baggage,
tonnage

-dom

newspaperdom

-hood

neighbourhood,
womanhood

-ry

cavalry,
ministry

-ure

legislature,
judicature

后缀

举例

-ant,
-ent

solvent,
constant

-al

signal,
pictorial

-ar

collar,
pillar

-er

boiler,
computer, washer, cooker

-ery

drapery

-ing

clothing,
matting

-ment

instrument,
equipment, attachment

后缀

举例

-cle

particle

-cule

molecule

-el

parcel

-en

chicken,
maiden

-et

pocket,
ticket

-etta,
-ette, -etto

cigarette

-kin

napkin

-ling

duckling

-let

booklet

-y

baby,
doggy

后缀

举例

-able,
-ible

movable,
comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

-al

natural,
additional, educational

-an,
-ane

urban,
suburban, republican

-ant,
-ent

distant,
important, excellent

-ar

similar,
popular, regular

-ary

military,
voluntary

-ic,
-atic, -ical

politic,
systematic, physical

-ine

masculine,
feminine, marine

-ing

moving,
touching, daring

-ish

foolish,
bookish, selfish

-ive

active,
impressive, decisive

-ory

satisfactory,
compulsory

-il,
-ile, -eel

fragile,
genteel

后缀

举例

-ish

boyish,
childish

-esque

picturesque

-like

manlike,
childlike

-ly

manly,
fatherly, scholarly, motherly

-some

troublesome,
handsome

-y

milky,
pasty

后缀

举例

-ful

beautiful,
wonderful, helpful, truthful

-ous

dangerous,
generous, courageous, various

-ent

violent

后缀

举例

-en

wooden,
golden, woolen

-ous

gaseous

-fic

scientific

后缀

举例

-ern

eastern,
western

-ward

downward,
forward

后缀

举例

-ble

double,
treble

-ple

triple

-fold

twofold,
tenfold

后缀

举例

-teen

thirteen

-ty

fifty

-th

fourth,
fiftieth

后缀

举例

-an

Roman,
European

-ese

Chinese

-ish

English,
Spanish

后缀

举例

-er

greater

-ish

reddish,
yellowish

-est

highest

-most

foremost,
topmost

后缀

含义

举例

-less

否定

countless,
stainless, wireless

后缀

含义

举例

-ize,
-ise

做成，变成，……化

modernize,
mechanize, organize

-en

是成为，引起，使有

quicken,
weaken, soften, harden

-fy

使 …… 化，使成

beautify,
purify, intensify, signify

-ish

使，令

finish,
abolish, diminish, establish

-ate

成为……，处理，作用

separate,
operate, indicate

后缀

举例

-ly

possibly,
swiftly, simply

-ward,
-wards

downward,
inwards, upward

-ways

always,
sideways

-wise

otherwise,
clockwise

词根

含义

举例

aer,
ar

空气，大气

aeroplane,
aerial

ag,
act, ig

做，动作

active,
agent, reaction

alt

高

altitude

alter,
altern, altr

其他，变更

alternate

bio,
bi, bion

生物，生命

biology,
bionics

brev,
bri, brief

短

brief,
abbreviation, abridge

cap,
capt, cept, cip

取，获

capture,
except, concept, capacity

ced,
ceed, cess

行，让步

proceed,
succeed, excess

centr

中心

concentrate,
eccentric

clain,
claim

呼喊

claim,
proclaim, exclaim

clos,
clud

闭合

conclude,
enclose, include

col,
cult

耕耘

colony,
cultivate, agriculture

cor,
cord

心

cordial,
record, accord

curr,
cur, cour

跑，动作

current,
occur, concurrence

dic,
dict

说，示

dictate,
edit, indicate, predict

doc,
doct

教

doctor,
document

duc,
duct

引导、传导

introduce,
produce, conduct

fact,
fac, fect, dic, dit

做，创造

factory,
effect, profit, faculty

fend,
fens

打，击

defense,
offence

fer

搬运，转移

ferry,
transfer, defer

fin,
finit

终、极

final,
finish, confine

firm

坚固

firm,
confirm, affirm

fix

固定

prefix,
affix

flect,
flex

弯曲

flexible,
reflex

flor,
flour, flower

花

flower,
flourish

form

形

uniform,
formula, transform, reform

forc,
fort

力，强度

force,
enforce, effort

gen,
genit

生产，发生

generate,
generation

gram,
graph

书写，记录

telegram,
diagram, photograph

grad,
gress, gred, gree

步，阶段

gradually,
degree, progress

hab,
habit, hibit

保持，住

inhabit,
exhibit, prohibit

her,
hes

粘附

adhere,
cohesion

ject,
jet

抛射

project,
inject

jour

日，一天

journal,
adjourn, journey

jug,
junct

结合，连合

conjunction,
junction

labour,
labor

劳动，工作

labourer,
elabourate, collaborate

lect,
leg, lig

挑选，采集

collect,
select, lecture

lif,
liv

生活，生存

life,
alive

loc

场所，位置

location,
dislocate

long,
leng, ling

长的

length,
prolong, linger

loqu,
locut

说话

colloquial,
eloquent

mand,
mend

命令

command,
demand, recommend

man,
manu

手，手法

manage,
manual

memor,
member

记忆

memory,
remember, memorial

mind,
ment

心

mind,
remind, mental

merc,
merch

贸易

commerce,
merchant

meas,
mens, meter, metr

测量，度量

measure,
meter, diameter

min

小

diminish,
minority

miss,
mit

派遣，送

mission,
dismiss, transmit, missile

mob,
mot, mov

动

movement,
motion, mobile, remove

nect,
nex

捆扎

connect,
disconnect, annex

not

记号，注意

note,
denote, annotation

onom,
onym

名字

synonym,
autonym, anonymous

pair,
par

相同，对等

compare

准备

prepare

pel,
puls

追逐

expel,
impel

pend,
pens, poud

悬挂

depend,
independent, expense

phon

声音

symphony,
telephone, microphone

plac

位置，场所

place,
replace

peopl,
popul, publ

人民，民众

public,
republic, popular, people

port

搬运

export,
import, deport

press

压，压制

pressure,
express, oppress, impression

prob,
proof, prov

实验，验证

prove,
approve

quer,
quest, quir, quis

寻找，探问

inquiry,
question, inquisition

rang,
rank

排列

arrange,
rank

rect,
right, rig

正，直

correct,
direct, erect

riv

河流，流远

river,
arrive, derive

rupt

破坏，毁坏

eruption,
bankrupt, corruption

sci

认识，知识

science,
conscious

scrib,
script

书写，记录

describe,
script

sens,
sent

感觉，情感

sensation,
sentiment

sign

标记，符号

signal,
signature, design

sembl,
simil

相似，类似

similar,
resemble, assimilate

soci

结合，社交

social,
association

spec,
spect, spitc, spis

看，视

inspect,
spectator, conspicuous

struct

建筑，构造

structure,
construct, instruct

tect,
teg

遮蔽，掩盖

detect,
protect

temp,
tens

时间，时机

tense,
contemporary, temporal

tend,
tes, tent

倾向，伸张

tendency,
intension, extend, intend

test

证明，证实

testify,
protest, contest

text

编织，构成

textile,
texture, context

tract,
trail

拖拉，吸引

attract,
tractor, abstract, contract

tribut

给予

contribution,
distribute

us,
ut

用，使用

usable,
utilize, abuse

vac,
van

空，虚

vacancy,
vanity, evacuate

vad,
vas, wad

走，去

invade,
wade, evade

vers,
vert

旋转，反转

convert,
inversion, reverse, divert

vid,
vis, vey, view

观看，看见

television,
visible, evident, interview, survey

viv,
vit

生，活

vivid,
vital, survival

war,
ward

注意，保护

aware,
wary, ward

way

路

way,
away, subway, always